The Prohibition On Financial Assistance - 870 Words

Since its enactment in the Companies Act 1928, the prohibition on financial assistance has been mainly influenced by two different streams of statutory interpretations. On one hand, Waller LJ’s judgment in Belmont Finance Corporation v Williams Furniture Ltd (No 2) gave a ‘significant boost’ to a broad interpretation of the statutory language. His strict approach, seems to have inspired a number of judges to adopt a literal interpretation of the prohibition and to disregard the commercial substance of transactions which fall afoul of it. On the other hand, Hoffman J, with the introduction of the ‘commercial realities’ test in Charterhouse Investment Trust Ltd v Tempest Diesels Ltd provided a legislative framework, which allows courts not†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, it shall argue that Laddie J’s judgment at first instance in MT Realisations Ltd (in liquidation) v Digital Equiptment Co Ltd, deserved more credit from the judiciary and should have not been discarded so easily. Similarly, it considers that Re Uniq Plc’s ratio is appreciated in bringing life to the exceptions contained in s. 678(4) and s. 679(4). Two Contrasting Views of the Prohibition pre-Companies Act 2006 In Belmont Finance, a decision which attracted much criticism amongst legal academics, a company bought an asset at an overvalue. Subsequently, the vendors used the proceeds of sale to purchase the company. It was held, in the CoA, that the transaction amounted to financial assistance on the basis that the company disregarded its own commercial interests and acted with the objective of facilitating the company’s acquisition of shares. Waller LJ gave an ‘unfortunate boost’ to the prohibition by taking a strict view and stating that to not contravene the provision, the company would not only have to justify the price paid, but also that the decision to enter the transaction was in the interests of the company. Moreover, he added that the prohibition would be triggered if the arrangement was done partly with the intention to allow purchasers to acquire shares. Therefore, following Belmont, where a company purchases an asset from their future buyer for fair value, act ing in its own commercial interests, it would be caught by theShow MoreRelatedProhibition and Removal of a Director Essay1242 Words   |  5 PagesPROHIBITION OF DIRECTOR Before explaining about this point, we must know that prohibition provides protection to the public from directors and managers of companies that have an irresponsible, incompetent or irresponsible to make sure that, for the period of the prohibition, the director was not able to take advantage of the limited liability status of the company, or involved in the management of the company. Because of that company act have taken seriously in this action. In addition, thereRead MoreIllegal Drug Activity across the Globe1314 Words   |  5 Pagesresolved by the implementing a structured legal system that will facilitate the regulation of drugs. Making drugs legal will resolve more problems than what it will cause. There are many positive factors that could arise from legalizing all drugs. Financial incentives to legalizing drugs should be a motivating factor in this process. A second motive toward drug legalization is the attempt at resolving societal problems that have thus far arisen from illegal drug activity. A final perspective to considerRead MoreThe New Deal Forever Changed The Federal Governments890 Words   |  4 Pages1933, he aimed to restore dignity and prosperity to the American people. The New Deal was comprised of three main points, to provide assistance to needy Americans, to improve the level of the economy , and to pass laws to eradicate poverty and unemployment. Many referred to this as the three R s - Recovery, Relief and Reform. Key Initiatives: 1). Ended Prohibition through ratification of the 21st Amendment. 2). Tennessee Valley Authority Act signed into law. This allowed the government toRead MoreThe And Capital Maintenance Doctrine1166 Words   |  5 Pagesits own shares or redemption; 3) disbursement of dividends and additional distributions to shareholders; and 4) prohibition of financial assistance for the acquisition of the corporations’ own shares. As mentioned before the CA 2006 relaxed a few statutory provisions, namely a) private corporations, in most situations, would no longer have the rules regarding unlawful financial assistance, as well as they will be permitted to reduce their share capital without court intervention. Distribution PartRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1671 Words   |  7 PagesThis means that no country will relax on drug law implementation unless they decide to leave the convection though other nations have differed in the way they implement those laws (). What are the pros and cons of drug legalization and prohibition? (Current, AuthorLastName 3 1991) First, before this is evaluated, a short history of drug use is necessary. Opium and cocaine examples of the drugs that are commonly abused nowadays were legally and readily available in the 19th century. Some ofRead MoreSentencing And Punishment Of The Legal Law868 Words   |  4 Pagesthe availability of legal aid brought about by the introduction of the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 could cause harm to the rule of law. The Act it is claimed creates an environment in which those who, without the financial resources to access justice will be denied access to justice. In principle the rule of law is intended to ensure that the law is just, accessible to all and that it is enforceable. That is to say, everyone should be able to enforce their legalRead MoreSuccessful Governments Demonstrate An Aptitude For Effective Financial And Fiscal Management1055 Words   |  5 PagesSuccessful governments demonstrate an aptitude for effective financial and fiscal management. Financial mismanagement involving public sector finances arising from the absence of political transparency results in a weakened domestic economy. Debt financing is used by both governments and individuals to stimulate consumption and investment activities in the short term, (Kouretas Vlamis, 2010, p. 393). The Greek sovereign debt crisis highlighted issues with government expenditure and revenue spendingRead MoreImf And Negative Impacts On Argentina1082 Words   |  5 Pagesmaintain a multilateral system of payments. The IMF attempts to achieve these goals by surveilling the global economy, providing financial assistance through credits and loans, and by providing technical assistance. The organization has been surrounded in controversies due to their severe policies that nations are required to follow in order to receive loans, assistance, and debt relief. With this influence on debtor nation’s economies, the IMF controls how much is spent on environmental protectionRead MoreCurrent Policy Situation Of Australia917 Words   |  4 Pages this includes a prohibition to work. The Australian Human Rights Commission (2013, p. 5) argues that releasing asylum seekers into the community while their claims are being processed is beneficial for their health and well-being. Although, little to no financial assistance is supplied. Asylum seekers that are released into the community on these visas are not entitled to claim any Centrelink or healthcare benefits, unless they can prove they are experiencing extreme financial hardship circumstancesRead MoreThe Powers Of The State1477 Words   |  6 Pagesthe good of his people, cannot have too much prerogative, that is, power to do good.† Now let us examine the very prospects where US might be using this ‘prerogative power’ notion in a negative way. The massive expenditure to execute the drug prohibition policies and to contain the ‘prisoners’ proves the urgency to get rid of drug related issues from the nation. Questioning the dark side of the white collar. The point is already made in the paper that all of US’s drive against Drug legalization

The Financial Crisis Of 2007-2008 - 1389 Words

One of the most devastating aspects of the financial crisis of 2007-2008 to middle-class America was the crash of the housing market. Millions of Americans were affected and faced foreclosures on homes that were purchased with subprime mortgages. The impact of these mortgages varied state to state. Nevada, one of the countries leading tourist destinations, led the market in foreclosure rates and housing appraisal drops. The government s false sense of security in regards to the economy and the predatory lending practices of big banks such as Bank of America, JP Morgan and Wells Fargo, impacted the housing market negatively and ultimately led to millions of people in debt and without a home. Keywords: Bank of America, subprime mortgage-lending, financial crisis 2007-2008 The Financial Crises of 2007/2008: A Look At Subprime Mortgages and the Big Banks’ Role In the State of Nevada Since the financial crises that the United States has endured since 2007, there are very few people, if any, that can say they have not been affected by the economy. Middle class Americans have born the brunt of this crisis. Millions of Americans have lost jobs, grown further into debt, and have lost their homes. The exorbitant amount of home foreclosures is now officially referred to as the housing crisis and there are states that have been influenced at a staggering rate. The state of Nevada has seen the highest foreclosure rate of any state in the country for years. In fact,Show MoreRelated2007-2008 Financial Crisis1327 Words   |  6 PagesThe Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 The Global Financial Crisis 2007-2008 Economists and scholars spend years dissecting financial markets and evaluating the causes of booms and busts. Throughout United States history there have been multiple economic booms that were underestimated and followed by recessions. In the situation of the 2007-2008 global financial crisis many culprits have been identified as causes, such as loose monetary policy, credit booms, deregulation, over complexity,Read MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2007-2008994 Words   |  4 Pages The subprime financial crisis of 2007-2008 was brought on by much more than unethical traders. It consisted of multiple variables: the deterioration in financial institutions’ balance sheets, asset price decline, increase in interest rates, and an increase in market ambiguity. This in turn led to the worsening of the adverse selection and moral hazard situation in the market, which led to a decline in economic activity, bringing forth the banking crisis. After the banking crisis, an unanticipatedRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2007 / 2008 Essay808 Words   |  4 PagesThe financial crisis of 2007/2008 had a negative impact on the UK economy, resulting in low growth and high level of unemployment while inflation constantly remained above the 2% target. In those extraordinary circumstances focus of monetary policy had to be on growth rather than reaching inflation target, resulting in gradual reduction of the Bank rate from 5.75% in middle of 2007 to its lowest level of 0.5% in the beginning of 2009 (BoE, 2014). Although, a low interest rate led to significant depreciationRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081419 Words   |  6 Pagesthe recent credit crunch. 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In those extraordinary circumstances focus of monetary policy had to be on growth rather than reaching inflation target, resulting in gradual reduction of the Bank rate from 5.75% in middle of 2007 to its lowest level of 0.5% in the beginning of 2009 (BoE , 2014). Although, a low interest rate led to significant depreciationRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2007-2008 Essay2367 Words   |  10 PagesWhen discussing the financial crisis of 2007-2008, it is incredibly important to discuss the relevance of the government bailout and organized sale of Bear Stearns. There is a large amount of discussion behind whether or not Bear Stearns, a large investment based financial institution, should have been bailed out by the US government. The decision to bail out and have a government-orchestrated sale of Bear Stearns was an incredibly complicated situation to discuss and there are parts of which cannotRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 is the worst financial crisis since the 1930’s The Great Depression (Reuters, 2009). Even if bailouts of banks by national governments prevented the collapse of major financial institutions, worldwide stock markets continue d to drop. Evictions and foreclosures overwhelmed the housing market while severed unemployment embraced the labor market (Baily and Elliot, 2009). This global financial crisis was responsible for the decline in the consumers’ wealth, andRead MoreEffects Of The Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081763 Words   |  8 PagesFinancial crisis of 2007-2008 is widely considered to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of 1930s. 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Incidental Uses And Disclosures Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Minimum Necessary. -Covered entities besides must implement sensible minimal necessary policies and processs that limit how much protected wellness information is used, disclosed, and requested for certain intents. These minimal necessary policies and processs besides moderately must restrict who within the entity has entree to protected wellness information, and under what conditions, based on occupation duties and the nature of the concern. We will write a custom essay sample on Incidental Uses And Disclosures Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The minimal necessary criterion does non use to revelations, including unwritten revelations, among wellness attention suppliers for intervention intents. For illustration, a doctor is non required to use the minimal necessary criterion when discoursing a patient ‘s medical chart information with a specializer at another infirmary. Personal Representatives.-A individual authorized under province or other jurisprudence to move on behalf of the person in doing health-related determinations. Examples include a court-appointed defender with medical authorization, a wellness attention agent under a wellness attention placeholder, and a parent moving on behalf of an unemancipated child ( with exclusions where province jurisprudence gives bush leagues the right to do wellness determinations ) . For a dead person, the personal representative may be an executor, decision maker, or other authorised individual for affairs refering PHI. Business Associate – An outside person/entity that performs a service on behalf of the wellness attention supplier ( including a research worker ) or the wellness attention establishment during which separately identifiable wellness information is created, used, or disclosed. Certain exclusions apply. Use and disclosure- The sharing of separately identifiable wellness information within a covered entity. For Partners ‘ intents, a usage is the sharing of such information within the Partners affiliated covered entity. As good a release of identifiable wellness information to anyone or any entity outside of the Partners affiliated covered entity. Public Health Authority – A federal, province, local or tribal individual or organisation that is required to carry on public wellness activities. Research – A systematic probe, including research development, proving and rating, designed to develop or lend to generalizable cognition. Affiliated Covered Entity- Legally separate wellness attention suppliers ( or wellness programs or clearinghouses ) that are under common ownership or control and that choose to follow with HIPAA privateness ordinances as one attached entity. Partners has designated itself as one affiliated covered entity, which includes all Partners infirmaries, affiliated physician organisations, PCHI, and owned or managed PCHI patterns. This appellation permits easier sharing of separately identifiable wellness attention information within the system and avoids the demand for some â€Å" concern associate † understandings. Worker compensation Laws- The HIPAA Privacy Rule does non use to entities that are either workers ‘ compensation insurance companies, workers ‘ compensation administrative bureaus, or employers, except to the extent they may otherwise be covered entities. However, these entities need entree to the wellness information of persons who are injured on the occupation or who have a work-related unwellness to procedure or adjudicate claims, or to organize attention under workers ‘ compensation systems. Notice-The HIPAA Privacy Rule gives persons a cardinal new right to be informed of the privateness patterns of their wellness programs and of most of their wellness attention suppliers, every bit good as to be informed of their privateness rights with regard to their personal wellness information. Health programs and covered wellness attention suppliers are required to develop and administer a notice that provides a clear account of these rights and patterns. The notice is intended to concentrate persons on privateness issues and concerns, and to motivate them to hold treatments with their wellness programs and wellness attention suppliers and exercise their rights.A . Ada Del Riego Per.5 High blood pressure hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drlipmanhcg.com/hypertension.jpg hypertext transfer protocol: //mykentuckyheart.com/images/pictures/hypertension.jpg High blood pressure is the term used to depict high blood force per unit area. Blood force per unit area is a measuring of the force against the walls of your arterias as your bosom pumps blood through your organic structure. Blood force per unit area readings are normally given as two Numberss — for illustration, 120 over 80 ( written as 120/80 mmHg ) . One or both of these Numberss can be excessively high. The top figure is called the systolic blood force per unit area, and the bottom figure is called the diastolic blood force per unit area. Where there are 3 types of manner to look at you BP like first: Normal blood force per unit area is when your blood force per unit area is lower than 120/80 mmHg most of the clip. High blood force per unit area ( high blood pressure ) is when your blood force per unit area is 140/90 mmHg or above most of the clip. If your blood force per unit area Numberss are 120/80 or higher, but below 140/90, it is called pre-hypertension. If you have pre-hypertension, you are more likely to develop high blood force per unit area. If you have bosom or kidney jobs, or if you had a shot, your physician may desire your blood force per unit area to be even lower than that of people who do non hold these conditions. Causes, incidence, and hazard factors Many factors can impact blood force per unit area, including: How much H2O and salt you have in your organic structure. The status of your kidneys, nervous system, or blood vass. The degrees of different organic structure endocrines You are more likely to be told your blood force per unit area is excessively high as you get older. This is because your blood vass become stiffer as you age. When that happens, your blood force per unit area goes up. High blood force per unit area increases your opportunity of holding a shot, bosom onslaught, bosom failure, kidney disease, and early decease. You have a higher hazard of high blood force per unit area if you are African American, corpulent, or stressed or dying, imbibe excessively much intoxicant. As good have to eat excessively much salt, a household history of high blood force per unit area, have diabetes, or fume. Most of the clip, no cause of high blood force per unit area is found. This is called indispensable high blood pressure. Symptoms Most of the clip, there are no symptoms. For most patients, high blood force per unit area is found when they visit their wellness attention supplier or have it checked elsewhere. Because there are no symptoms, people can develop bosom disease and kidney jobs without cognizing they have high blood force per unit area. Signs and trials Your wellness attention supplier will look into your blood force per unit area several times before naming you with high blood force per unit area. It is normal for your blood force per unit area to be different depending on the clip of twenty-four hours. Blood force per unit area readings taken at place may be a better step of your current blood force per unit area than those taken at your physician ‘s office. Make certain you get a good quality, well-fitting place device. It should hold the proper sized turnup and a digital read-out. Treatment The end of intervention is to cut down blood force per unit area so that you have a lower hazard of complications. You and your wellness attention supplier should put a blood force per unit area end for you. If you have pre-hypertension, your wellness attention supplier will urge lifestyle alterations to convey your blood force per unit area down to a normal scope. Medicines are seldom used for pre-hypertension. You can make many things to assist command your blood force per unit area, including: Exercise on a regular basis — at least 30 proceedingss of aerophilic exercising a twenty-four hours. If you smoke, quit — happen a plan that will assist you halt. Restrict how much intoxicant you drink — one drink a twenty-four hours for adult females, two a twenty-four hours for work forces. Limit the sum of Na ( salt ) you eat — purpose for less than 1,500 mg per twenty-four hours. Reduce emphasis — seek to avoid things that cause you emphasis. You can besides seek speculation or yoga. Stay at a healthy organic structure weight — happen a weight-loss plan to assist you, if you need it. Your wellness attention supplier can assist you find plans for losing weight, halting smoke, and exerting. You can besides acquire a referral from your physician to a dietitian, who can assist you plan a diet that is healthy for you. Prevention Adults over 18 should hold their blood force per unit area checked on a regular basis. Lifestyle alterations may assist command your blood force per unit area. Follow your wellness attention supplier ‘s recommendations to modify, dainty, or control possible causes of high blood force per unit area Refrences: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001502/ How to cite Incidental Uses And Disclosures Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Biomechanics Total Knee Arthoplasty

Question: Discuss about theBiomechanicsfor Total Knee Arthoplasty. Answer: Synopsis The article by Arnold et al., (2015) reports that knee arthroplasty is beneficial for patients at the final stage of knee osteoarthritis to improve their quality of life. The surgery is useful in eliminating abnormal joint mechanics. The researcher reported that several researches has been done on the changes in knee biomechanics after total knee arthoplasty (TKA), however there is few research on relationship between knee biomechanics and functional ability. Hence, Arnold et al., (2015) investigates on the changes in knee biomechanics after total knee arthroplasty and explores its relation of knee biomechanics during walking and physical activity. To carry out they research, they selected 15 participants who were going to have a total knee arthroplasty surgery and did a 3D gait test on them before and after of surgery to determine the movement in each person and any movement related disorders (Shull et al., 2014). Other functional activity like physical activity and use of time was assessed by 24 hour activity recall. The researcher tried to investigate this finding because it has been found that total knee arthroplasty is associated with increased knee function and physical function, however there is little evidence exists regarding the relationship between functional ability of knees due to certain changes in the body (Howell et al., 2013). For this purpose, the research was conducted. This lack of research on the relation between elements of functional ability was their motivation for conducting the research. On analysis of similar research on the topic, the researcher found that research on physical activity after TKA were limited to simple questionnaires and this approach is inefficient in determining the frequency of improvement in functional ability. The researchers felt that the use of high resolution activity recall may help to understand the changes in knee function due to TKA. This was their motivation for carrying out research. Their approach for investigation was to perform same midline incision TKA for all participants and same in patient physiotherapy exercises. A three dimensional gait analysis (like walking speed, peak knee flexion moment, saginal plane knee range of motions) was assessed and time spent in physical activity data were collected using 24 hour activity recall tool. The knee symptoms were judged using scales for pain, stiffness and activities of daily living. The results finding showed that after surgery significant improvement in knee biomechanics and physical activity was observed in participants. This improvement depended on total time spent daily in physical activity and energy expenditure. Hence, improvement in knee function is linked to time spent in physical activity after TKA (Arnold et al., 2015). Content Abstract The abstract of the research has clarity as it clearly introduces the background, purpose and methods employed for carrying out the research. An abstract should be brief summary of the research which a reviewer can clearly understand without reading the whole article. The credibility of the research is understood from the abstract as it clearly explains each phase of the research. It started with giving short background information on the benefits of total knee arthroplasty and the researcher immediately stated the purpose of investigation by stating that there is no valid evidence regarding the relationship between different elements functional ability after TKA (Arnold et al., 2015). The content of the study has summarize in a cohesive manner in the abstract starting from gap in similar to the topic of investigation and then moving to describing the approach used for carrying out investigation (Elo et al., 2014). However, the methods employed could have been presented in a more des criptive manner such as giving examples for certain physical activity profiles and gait analysis. This description is missing in methods part; however the researcher comes back to each type of analysis while stating the results finding in abstract. This is the only limitation of the reporting of research in abstract and it would been easily understood if the specific method were clearly stated before the research findings (Vaismoradi et al., 2013). Overall quality of the writing is good and the researcher has also taken care to inform about future scope of research in this area which is commendable. Introduction The introduction by Arnold et al., (2015) states the purpose of research by clearly stating what is known so far about the topic and what aspects is still ambiguous. The context of the research is clearly expressed by the researcher and it is successful in shifting audience attention to the validity of the research and what new insights the researcher can give after investigation. The introduction starts with stating the benefits of total knee arthroplasty and it describes the importance of assessment of knee function as it helps in evaluation of the success of TKA. It gives idea about hip strength and improvement in physical activity after surgery (Alnahdi et al., 2014). Any introductions of a research work should clearly state the status of research work of the area of study and the background information on the topic. For the article by Arnold et al., (2015), it is necessary to have information about current status of research analysis in knee biomechanics. An introduction can sta rt with brief analysis of research related to knee biomechanics after total knee arthoplasty. For example Athwal et al., (2014) gives information about reason of biomechanic instability after total knee arthroplasty while Levinger et al., (2013) investigated the biomechanical changes in lower limb after TKA. All this elements were efficiently covered by the researcher in the introduction section after analysis of relevant literature. The significance of the study was mentioned by stating that biomechanical data will be a new approach to assess mobility after TKA. Methods The main aspect of method sections of a research article is the variable chosen for the study as this variable will only give the answer to research questions. In reviewing methodology of research by Arnold et al., (2015) it is seen that each method is relevant to assessing the biomechanics of knee movement. For example gait analysis has been done by recording three dimensional kinematics and ground reaction forces during walking. The markers fixed in thigh and hips and the variables for the gait analysis included speed of walking, peak knee flexion during initial contact and during peak flexion, knee movement during gait cycle and swing phase. The method used is commendable as it will leave no gap and provide detail analysis of relation between physical movement and knee biomechanics. Yoshida et al., (2013) has shown that quadriceps weakness is the most common post-operative impairment seen patient after TKA. Therefore the variable used for assessing quadriceps weakness in gait anal ysis is absolutely relevant for the area of investigation. The statistical tool was also employed for collecting use of time data for physical activity and it helped in evaluating changes in knee biomechanics by Pearsons correlation coefficients (Arnold et al., 2015). However, the researcher would have gained more appreciation if stress were put on other physical functions such as stair climbing to get more insight into improvement of activities of daily living. Results The results and discussion section must be interlinked with each other to understand the discussion presented for the research. The result of the current research on relation between knee biomechanics and physical activity after TKA is very important. Gait analysis was done before and six months after the surgery to determine the improvement in variables like stiffness, pain and activity limitations. The results finding was accurately presented in a tabular format with use of statistical values for all type of movements like swing time, knee flexion, knee range of motion, walking speed, knee flexion moment and cardence or steps/min. It was reflective of the fact that gait patterns after six months of TKA mostly improved in patients and the walking speed also increased in patients. Another significant finding was that duration of sitting time also reduced by 66 minutes per day post surgical intervention (Arnold et al., 2015). The correlation between knee symptoms and physical activity was accurately presented which was the main purpose of the study and the explanations for each were also discussed clearly by the researcher. Another study is also relevant in this regard as it explains the reason for movement asymmetries such as reduced knee excursion in the operated limb (McClelland et al., 2012) Discussion The interpretation of the findings explicitly explains the rational for each result and the reasons for a trend seen in study. Arnold et al., (2015) was successful in presenting the relation between sagittal plane knee range of movement and peak knee flexion. Positive results in this variable were associated with better ability to do chores while squatting. The researcher also explained that pain and physical activity is negatively correlated which as physical activity improved with improve in symptoms. The credibility of the research was also monitored by comparison with other research findings. However, it is recommended that increase in flexion gap should be controlled as it will lead to positive flexion on patient satisfaction after surgical intervention (Ismailidis et al., 2016). The study also gave a similar limitation of the research by stating that objectively measured knee motion can be better variables for assessing improvement in patients undergoing TKA. General Comments on Research The research is a significant work by the author as it provided the relations between biomechanics and physical activity. The presentation and language used for the study is succinct which clearly explains the rational for each step. The selection criteria of the sample is significant as it helps to remove biasness in the study by excluding patients with history of joint replacement or injection to the knee, patients with other conditions affecting gait and those who already had problems in walking. Another major highlight of the research is the use of research as it gives good visual presentation of the area of limbs which will be assessed during gait analysis and activity profiling. It helped reviewer to easily understand the approach taken for the research. Example of this figures are lower limb market set and model and the use of time profile (Arnold et al., 2015). Reference Alnahdi, A. H., Zeni, J. A., Snyder-Mackler, L. (2014). Hip abductor strength reliability and association with physical function after unilateral total knee arthroplasty: a cross-sectional study.Physical therapy,94(8), 1154-1162. Arnold, J. B., Mackintosh, S., Olds, T. S., Jones, S., Thewlis, D. (2015). Improvements in knee biomechanics during walking are associated with increased physical activity after total knee arthroplasty: BIOMECHANICS AND ACTIVITY AFTER TKA.Journal of Orthopaedic Research,33(12), 1818-1825. doi:10.1002/jor.22969 Athwal, K. K., Hunt, N. C., Davies, A. J., Deehan, D. J., Amis, A. A. (2014). Clinical biomechanics of instability related to total knee arthroplasty.Clinical Biomechanics,29(2), 119-128. Elo, S., Kriinen, M., Kanste, O., Plkki, T., Utriainen, K., Kyngs, H. (2014). Qualitative content analysis.Sage Open,4(1), 2158244014522633. Howell, S. M., Howell, S. J., Kuznik, K. T., Cohen, J., Hull, M. L. (2013). Does a kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty restore function without failure regardless of alignment category?.Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research,471(3), 1000-1007. Ismailidis, P., Kuster, M. S., Jost, B., Giesinger, K., Behrend, H. (2016). Clinical outcome of increased flexion gap after total knee arthroplasty. Can controlled gap imbalance improve knee flexion?.Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 1-7. Levinger, P., Menz, H. B., Morrow, A. D., Feller, J. A., Bartlett, J. R., Bergman, N. R. (2013). Lower limb biomechanics in individuals with knee osteoarthritis before and after total knee arthroplasty surgery.The Journal of arthroplasty,28(6), 994-999 McClelland, J., Zeni Jr, J., Haley, R. M., Snyder-Mackler, L. (2012). Functional and biomechanical outcomes after using biofeedback for retraining symmetrical movement patterns after total knee arthroplasty: a case report.journal of orthopaedic sports physical therapy,42(2), 135-144. Shull, P. B., Jirattigalachote, W., Hunt, M. A., Cutkosky, M. R., Delp, S. L. (2014). Quantified self and human movement: a review on the clinical impact of wearable sensing and feedback for gait analysis and intervention.Gait posture,40(1), 11-19. Vaismoradi, M., Turunen, H., Bondas, T. (2013). Content analysis and thematic analysis: Implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study.Nursing health sciences,15(3), 398-405. Yoshida, Y., Mizner, R. L., Snyder-Mackler, L. (2013). Association between long-term quadriceps weakness and early walking muscle co-contraction after total knee arthroplasty.The Knee,20(6), 426-431.